The concept of alienation proposed by Marx in 1844 characterized a realistic situation of loss of historical subjectivity, and contained the historical relationship between actuality and totality,forming the beginning of a comprehensive transcendence of Hegel’s and Feuerbach’s philosophy. With reference to the real contradictions of history, Marx criticized Hegel’s concept of alienation and his mystical approach to understanding subjectivity.At the same time, based on the category of practice as the historical foundation, he criticized Feuerbach’s concept of alienation and the abstractness of Feuerbach’s understanding of subjectivity. With the formal establishment of historical materialism,Marx transformed his way of understanding history.Based on the unity of theory and reality, he achieved the revelation of the real logic of the historical development of human society through the theoretical logic of historical dialectics.In this transformation, the historical relationship contained in the concept of alienation transcended its limited conceptual form and was gradually developed by Marx into the core relationship of historical dialectics. On this basis, contemporary Chinese practice clearly presents the tension between actuality and historical totality, thus constituting the foundation of various dimensions at the macro - historical level. Therefore, Marx’s sublation of the concept of alienation and his related theoretical achievements can provide the necessary historical field and theoretical paradigm for understanding the discussions in contemporary Chinese academic circles surrounding the horizon of subjectivity.

　　Editor: Zhong Yao  LiuTingting

　　From:Study & Exploration.2025.No.4.