Hegemony is a very important concept in the thought of Cramsci, the ltalian Marxist theorist, and his hegemony theory is regarded as an important contribution to the development of Marxist cultural theory. The leadership position of the northern working class and the reality of the majority of southern farmers in society are the historical background for the proposal of this theory, and the proletariat must face the problem of forming an allianee with farmers in order to achieve leadership. The restraint of the southern farmers by the big landlords was achieved through intellectuals, which introduced the issue of intellectuals and cultural leadership. The division of intellectuals made some advanced elements recognize the leadership position of the working class in the ltalian revolution, and winning their support was crucial to solving the problems in the southern part. Political parties are a means for social groups to choose their own organic intellectuals, and at the same time, they strengthen the connection between organic intellectuals and traditional intellectuals, better assuming the role of educating and guiding the masses. Reviewing the proposal of Cramsci’s hegemony theory has certain enlightening significance for us to construct an independent knowledge system of philosophy and social sciences with Chinese characteristics.

　　Editor: Zhong Yao  Deng Panyi

　　From: Studies on Marxism.2025.No.4.