Populism is one of the important trends affecting the contemporary world. It originated from the Russian populist movement in the 19th century and entered the 21st century with the deepening of globalization and technological progress, giving rise to the third wave of populism characterized by anti globalization, extreme nationalism, and online populism. Marx and Engels engaged in a long-term debate with Russian populist intellectuals, revealing the essence of their idealistic view of history, scientifically analyzing the historical types and fate of rural communes, criticizing their bourgeois values, and exploring Russia’s non capitalist path from a world historical perspective. Sorting out Marx and Engels’ criticism of Russian populism is of great significance for us to correctly understand the essence of populism and prevent the negative impact of a new wave of populism. Oppose the idealistic view of history and firmly stand on the people’s standpoint; Promote common prosperity and fundamentally address the socio-economic roots of populism; Adhere to the guiding position of Marxist ideology and be vigilant against the dissolution of authority by online populism; Adhere to a global perspective and oppose narrow nationalism.

　　Editor: Zhong Yao  Wei Xiaoxue

　　From: Dongyue Tribune.2025.No.4.