Adherence to “problem orientation” is in line with common sense, but it must be grasped from a world outlook and methodology that transcends common sense in order to be truly understood. “Finding problems” is the premise for adhering to problem orientation, and “problems” derive from a scientific grasp of the laws of history and the trend of the times, especially the turning points of history. “Raising questions correctly” is the value foundation of adhering to problem orientation, reflecting the leadership of thought and the discourse power, which requires eliminating the interference of all kinds of “pseudo-questions”. “Solving problems” is a key move in putting theory into practice, and must be clarified from the practice of building a strong socialist modern country. Conscious modernization is the quality that fundamentally distinguishes Chinese modernization from Western modernization, and the “two establishments” are of decisive significance in this regard.

　　Editor: Zhong Yao  Deng Panyi

　　From: Studies on Marxism.2025.No.4.