The peasant economy in China has shown its inability to adapt to the need of agricultural modernization. Agricultural scale operation has two forms:one is the development of capitalist farms，and the other is the establishment of co-operation. Engels pointed out clearly that agricultural cooperation is a must to lead the farmers to the socialist road. Mao Zedong expounded the concrete ways of agricultural co-operation in China，and made agricultural cooperation a reality in our country. Deng Xiaoping outlined the passage from 1ow-1eve1 collectivism to high- level collectivism，and stressed that the ultimate way out for Chinese agriculture is collectivization.

　　Editor: Zhou Miao