In this paper,Marxian absolute land rent theory was combined with the evolution of China’s agricultural production relations to systematically analyze socialist agricultural absolute land rent, For clearer analysis, the evolution of China’s agricultural production relations is divided into three stages, which are, the period of planned economy (1949-1978),the period of reform and opening up (1979-2012) and the new era(2013-present), As a result,it is found that agricultural absolute land rent exists in all stages of our country.In the period of planned economy, the land reform made the farmers who owned the land get absolute rent, Among this, in Agricultural Cooperation and People’s Communes, absolute land rent was represented by land dividends and the payment of collective land occupied by state-owned enterprises, In the period of reform and opening up, the overall withdrawal of funds and the scissors difference between the price of industrial and agricultural products were absolute rents, In the new era, the transfer of land management rights by farmers to obtain rent as well as the scissors difference between the price of industrial and agricultural products are absolute rent, According to the methodology combining theory and practice, this paper holds that; this paper holds that in order to promote the stable development of Chinese agriculture, on the one hand, we should construct the absolute land rent theory that includes contracting right, so as to promote the sinicization and modernization of Marxian absolute land rent theory, and the other hand, we should take absolute land rent as a reasonable lever to adjust the value of agricultural products and market price, and play its positive role in improving the efficiency of agricultural land use.

　　Editor: Zhong Yao Liu Tingting

　　From: Chinese Journal of Political Economics.2023.No.4