The theoretical components of Marx’s productivity thought mainly stem from the foundation and evolution of historical materialism and political economy. From the perspective of historical materialism, productivity embodies the sum of the subjective and objective forces that drive social progress in the human production process. From the perspective of political economy, productivity tends to reflect the efficiency of production activities through “labor productivity”. As a leap of productivity at a higher level, the new quality productivity also needs to be examined from the dual perspectives of historical materialism and political economy in terms of its basic categories and theoretical logic. Focusing on the progress of the times and the development of social production, the new quality productivity highlights the important role of advanced science and technology, high-quality workers, and new means of production in promoting the modernization of productive forces on the basis of adhering to and developing Marx’s ideas on productive forces. To develop new quality productivity, it is necessary to deeply grasp the purpose of Marx’s productivity thought, strengthen talent driven and green development in promoting the qualitative transformation of productive forces, shape new production relations, and build a modern industrial system, providing new momentum and advantages for promoting the modernization of productive forces. 

　　Editor: Zhong Yao  Liu Tingting 

　　From: Marxism & Reality .2024.No.5.