As an important representative of the French school of historical thought, the Annales, Braudel creates a structural model of the evolution and development of the capitalist world system,drawing inspiration from the relevant theoretical resources of Marxist political economy. This model distinguishes financial monopoly capital, which is monopolistic, speculative and parasitic, from small and medium-sized industrial and commercial capital with free competition, and recognizes the former as the dominant force determining the evolution and development of the capitalist world system, On this basis, Braudel expounds the law of the continuous shift of the focus of the capitalist world system, analyzes the differentiation between the core countries and the peripheral countries in the world system , and proposes the theory of the century-long cycle explaining the development and evolution of the capitalist world system, Braudel’s theory straddles the two disciplines of political economy and world history, which leaves plenty of room for dialogue with Marxism, An in-depth investigation of this dialogue is of great theoretical and practical significance to the construction of the Marxist theory of the world system in the new era., especially to the understanding of the evolutionary trend of the US-dominated capitalist world system as well as the specific position of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the process of world history, Due to the constraints of structuralist methodology, Braudel’s theory also has flaws, which requires critical reflection and drawing lessons from it. 

　　Editor: Zhong Yao  Liu Tingting 

　　From: Teaching and Research.2024.No.8.