Abstract 

　　This paper provides an overview of the key European radical left parties, their ideological stances, their supporters and electoral performance, their links with social movements, policy impact, and reaction to the post-2008 economic crisis. The radical left is increasingly a stabilized, consolidated and permanent actor on the European political scene and has become a principal challenger to mainstream social democratic parties, although it has not fully overcome its own communist-era crisis and its failure so far demonstrably to exploit propitious economic conditions indicates severe weaknesses (particularly the absence of sufficiently electorally attractive strategic vision, the persistence of historical stigma in Eastern Europe, and still-persistent ideological and strategic conflicts). Should such problems be addressed, the contemporary socio-economic and political environment in Europe is only likely to increase the future appeal of the radical left, although radical left parties face significant challenges from Greens, radical right parties and the new European protest movements over which they, as yet, have little influence. 

　　Keywords: radicalism; extremism; Marxism; communism; populism 

　　From: International Critical Thought 2012 2 (3) 

　　Editor: Wang Yi 

　　https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21598282.2012.706777?src=most-cited-all-time