As a crucial strategic pillar of “Encircling the Cities from the Countryside,” the establishment of Resistance Bases occurred during the Mountain Guerrilla Warfare following the Autumn Harvest Uprising and took shape in the mid-section of the Luoxiao Mountains. The Soviet Areas, born from the construction of a Soviet Regime within these Resistance Bases, initially faced two divergent expectations: whether they would serve as long-term footholds for protracted struggle or as guarantees for an all-out decisive battle. This gave rise to two conflicting lines: one advocating gradual expansion and the other pushing for immediate victories in several major cities. The root of this divergence lay in differing views on the roles of urban and rural areas in the Chinese revolutionary process. The protracted nature of the Chinese revolution dictated that Base Areas, established across vast countryside regions, must remain strategic strongholds for an extended period. The loss of most Resistance Bases signified the failure of rash policies aimed at hastily capturing major cities. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the construction of Resistance Bases underwent comprehensive theoretical refinement, spanning military and political dimensions. As the Communist Party of China grew in strength, the renaming from “Resistance Base” to “Liberated Area” carried dual significance: liberation from Japanese aggression and emancipation from Kuomintang rule. It also marked the starting point for the CPC-led nationwide revolutionary victory,integrating urban an d rural struggles.

　　Editor: Zhong Yao  Deng Panyi

　　From: Studies of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.2025.No.2.