The scientific “Needham Question” is well-known, but the philosophical “Needham Question” is rarely discussed. Due to his deep connection with Marxism and Chinese revolution, Joseph Needham proposed the philosophical “Needham Question”. Regarding the “Needham Question” in philosophy, Needham himself adhered to the Marxist position and pointed out that the inherent connection between Marxism and traditional Chinese organic materialism is the theoretical logic for Chinese people to accept Marxism, which is a perspective of “internalism”; The Chinese traditional intellectual structure, social and economic structure and China’s modern revolutionary process are the historical logic of Chinese acceptance of Marxism, which is the factor of “externality”. The answer from the perspective of “internalism” is quite innovative and impactful. This is very useful for understanding the profound meaning of “integrating the essence of Marxism with the best of fine traditional Chinese culture” and strengthening our confidence in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

　　Editor: Zhong Yao  Deng Panyi

　　From: Social Sciences International.2024.No.6.