Based on its national conditions as a great power, New China has made seventy-year exploration on industrialization, which completed China’s transformation from a big agricultural country to a big industrial country. In the future, China still has a long way to go to upgrade from a big industrial country to a great industrial power. Reviewing the seventy-year history of industrial development in New China, we can draw up unique logic and enlightenment: China as a big country requires the establishment of a complete industrial system; the characteristics of a large developing country make China’s industrialization catch up; the socialist system with Chinese characteristics is the unique advantage of the industrial catch-up; China’s industrial development entails the dual function of government and market; we should properly handle the relations between fairness and efficiency of industrial development among regions, and pay attention to making good use of the unique political advantages as a big power in the international arena to create a favorable external environment for industrial development.

Editor: Zhong Yao

Studies On Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping Theories.2019.No.8.